![]() David Bomford, Jo Kirby, John Leighton, Ashok Roy, Art in the Making:Impressionism, National Gallery, London, 1990.Brill, Light Its Interaction with Art and Antiquities, Plenum Press, New York City, 1980 Reed Kay, The Painter's Guide To Studio Methods and Materials, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1983.Doerner, The Materials of the Artist, Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1934 The Dictionary of Art, Grove's Dictionaries Inc., New York, 1996 Comment: "Pigments".Ashok Roy, Contributed information, November 2007.Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques, Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 1969 (also 1945 printing).Stout, Painting Materials, A Short Encyclopaedia, Dover Publications, New York, 1966 Comment: p. Nicholas Eastaugh, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin, Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2004.Pigments Through the Ages: Cobalt blue Record content reviewed by EU-Artech November 2007.Berrie (ed.), Archetype Publications, London 2007. Roy, “Cobalt Blue”, Artists’ Pigments: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, Volume 4, B. ![]() Strong siccative properties in oil on account of the cobalt content.Ĭharacteristics of Common Blue Pigments Additional Images.Unaffected by acids, alkalis, light, and heat.Irregular to rounded blue particles with a ‘crusty’ surface, no birefringence, no pleochroism.Ingestion may cause vomiting, diarrhea and the sensation of hotness.Skin contact may cause allergies, especially on elbows, neck and ankles.The saturated cobalt blue color in glazes and glassware is produced by cobalt oxide.Ĭobalt aluminate Pigment Blue 28 CI 77346 Thénard's blue Kobaltblau (Deut.) bleu de Thénard (Fr.) bleu de cobalt (Fr.) cobaltblauw (Ned.) blu di cobalto (It.) blu di Therard (It.) mple toy kobaltioy (Gr.) azul de cobalto (Esp.) azul cobalto (Port.) cobalt ultramarine cobaltous aluminate king's blue Olympia blue Vienna blue Vienna ultramarine Leyden blue Hungary blue Dresden blue azure cobalt Gahn's blue Leithner blue new blue In recent years, the cobalt blue hue has been imitated using mixtures of ultramarine and phthalocyanine. The pigment has been identified in French and British paintings as early as 1806/07. By the early 19th century, cobalt blue was sold as an artists pigment as a replacement for smalt and ultramarine, although it has always been relatively costly. Leithner discovered an alternate process for making cobalt blue from cobalt arsenate and alumina. Though possibly discovered earlier, the process for making cobalt blue by heating cobalt phosphate with Alumina was first published by L.J.Thénard in France in 1803/4 based on experiments he had carried out in 1802. It is resistant to weathering, sunlight, acids, and alkalis. (Some early varieties possessed a greenish tinge.) Cobalt blue is composed of a double oxide of Cobalt and Aluminum, also called cobaltous aluminate.
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